in the future acts of God on behalf of his people. Joel probably has in mind a similar confidence, though not their proclamation. Thus he expects the new relationship to God in a form similar to Jer 31:33–34*:80 every one will stand in a relationship of immediacy to God. Only it is now not the Torah as the will of God for man that forms the content of the knowledge, as in Jer 31:33* and Ezek 11:19–20*; 36:26–27*, but the prophetic certainty of the coming acts of God on behalf of his people.